Email Marketing8 min read

Ten Years of ESP Churn in One Dataset: Who Survived 2016–2026

We have 192 DNS snapshots of the Tranco top-1M covering January 2016 to July 2026. The most striking finding is not who won — it is that a platform "sunset" in 2016 still signs mail for 3.37% of the world's top domains.

Market-share stories about email service providers usually run on vendor press releases and survey panels. Our dataset is blunter: 192 DNS snapshots of the Tranco top-1M domains, taken between January 2016 and the 2026-07-05 snapshot, with each domain's ESP classified from the include: mechanisms in its SPF record. 623,370 domains publish SPF today. When a company adds an ESP, it edits DNS; when it leaves, the record eventually gets cleaned up. Over a decade, those edits add up to the most honest churn chart in the industry.

Three careers below tell the whole story: a giant that was scheduled to die and did not, a specialist that quietly shrank, and a legacy brand that quietly grew.

0%2%4%20172018201920202021202220232024202520263.37%Mandrill0.57%Constant Contact0.47%Postmark
Share of Tranco top-1M SPF domains including Mandrill, Postmark and Constant Contact, 2016–2026. Source: our daily OpenINTEL-based scan of the Tranco top-1M.

Mandrill: the sunset that never set

In 2016, Mailchimp announced that Mandrill would stop being a standalone product — the classic "sunset" moment after which analysts write a platform off. In our first snapshots that same year, Mandrill was at its peak: 5.58% of SPF domains, one of the largest senders on the internet. A decade later it still stands at 3.37%. That is a decline, but a remarkably slow one — roughly forty percent of the peak share eroded over ten years, while the product survived as a Mailchimp add-on.

The mechanism is simple: transactional email is plumbing. It is wired into password resets, receipts and notification pipelines that nobody wants to touch. Migrations happen when something breaks or a contract forces the issue, not when a roadmap slide changes. Mandrill's regional footprint makes the point even harder — it remains the #1 ESP by SPF share in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland at 25–27% of each country's SPF domains. Legacy infrastructure does not die; it amortizes.

Postmark and Constant Contact: two quiet trajectories

Postmark, the transactional specialist, peaked at 0.76% of SPF domains in 2017 and has drifted to 0.47%. Nothing dramatic happened — no outage, no scandal — the category simply consolidated around cheaper infrastructure senders. Meanwhile Constant Contact, a brand most SaaS commentary filed under "last decade," moved from 0.09% of SPF domains in 2016 to 0.57% today. A six-fold share increase for a company that gets almost no coverage is a useful reminder that the SMB market buys on distribution and bundling, not on what the industry considers current.

The winners, for context

Against those slow curves, the decade's structural shift is the rise of raw sending infrastructure:

  • Amazon SES: 1.51% (2016) → 2.86% (2022) → 6.21% — now the #1 ESP in the dataset, having multiplied 2.2× since 2022 alone. We unpack that in the SES story.
  • SendGrid: 3.67% (2022) → 4.75%; Mailgun: 2.61% → 4.10% — the developer-pipe tier keeps compounding.
  • Newcomers: Brevo went from 0.1% in 2016 to a 1.42% all-time high; MailerSend from 0.13% at its 2017 debut to a 1.27% all-time high.
  • The one true cliff: MailChannels, which peaked at 2.94% in March 2021 and fell to 1.07% — a 64% collapse and the decade's only fast exit, covered in the MailChannels cliff.

Even the era's most-discussed decline is gentle by software standards: Mailchimp peaked at 5.03% of SPF domains in November 2022 and has eased to 3.69% — meaningful churn, but spread over years, not quarters.

Why churn is this slow

An ESP line in an SPF record represents integration work: templates, suppression lists, webhooks, analytics, and a team's muscle memory. The switching cost is real, so share erodes at the pace of rebuilds and replatforms — which for most companies means every five to ten years. That is why a DNS-level census sees a different market than quarterly earnings calls do.

What a decade of churn means for your ESP decision

For a marketer choosing or re-evaluating a provider, three operational takeaways fall out of the ten-year view:

  • Discount the obituaries. A vendor being "out of fashion" predicts little about whether it will keep delivering your mail. Mandrill has outlived its own sunset by a decade.
  • Watch the slope, not the headline. A slowly declining share usually means a stable platform in harvest mode. A fast drop — the MailChannels pattern — is the signal that demands a migration plan. The series for every major provider updates daily in the daily email infrastructure report.
  • Assume you will change ESPs less often than you think. Since the integration will likely outlive several strategy cycles, weight deliverability fundamentals and data portability over feature checklists.

And because share numbers describe populations, not your list: whatever provider you run on, measure your own placement directly. A seed test across the major mailbox providers before and after any ESP change turns this market data into a decision about your mail, not the average sender's.

FAQ

How can Mandrill still have 3.37% share if it was sunset in 2016?

The 2016 announcement ended Mandrill as a standalone product, but it continued as a Mailchimp transactional add-on. Existing integrations kept working, so most customers never migrated. Its share declined from 5.58% at peak to 3.37% — slow erosion, not a shutdown.

Does a shrinking SPF share mean an ESP is failing?

Not by itself. Slow decline usually reflects a mature installed base with normal churn. The warning sign is speed: MailChannels lost 64% of its share after its March 2021 peak, which is a categorically different signal from Postmark drifting from 0.76% to 0.47% over nine years.

Where do these numbers come from?

From SPF records of Tranco top-1M domains, observed in 192 snapshots between January 2016 and July 2026 via OpenINTEL DNS data. A domain counts toward an ESP when its SPF record includes that provider. Shares are percentages of the 623,370 domains publishing SPF.

Can these shares overstate or understate an ESP's real size?

They can understate it. Domains that flatten SPF into raw IP addresses are invisible to include-based classification, and our patterns cover 81.5% of SPF includes. Trends over time are robust, but absolute shares are floors, not ceilings.
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About the author
Artem Berezin
B2B Deliverability Specialist

B2B deliverability specialist with 5+ years of hands-on outreach experience. Built campaigns reaching 90,000+ inboxes across 20+ countries — and fixed the deliverability problems that came with that scale.

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